Elements of Training
Classes begin with some meditation, then physical conditioning exercises and drills. After this comes the "instruction" part of the class, which usually involves some combination of three main activities, after a student has completed their initial training in "basics". These activities are kata, ippon kumite, and jiyu kumite.
kata
The "root" of karate. These are long sequences of techniques that are memorized and then repeated consistently throughout the lifetime of the martial artist, constantly seeking improvement.
ippon kumite
Practice short, very specific techniques with a partner. Develop correct execution, including precision and timing.
jiyu kumite
Pair off with another student and practice applying what you have learned in a free-style format, rather than the prearranged manner of ippon kumite. (Note: video above is historical; students today use protective equipment!)